Saturday, February 23, 2013

Debricking Seagate Dockstar

Somehow I managed to brick my Dockstar. It was so simple like the first sentence :) The debricking process was quite long due to lack of experience and tools. Tools required:
- A buspirate card (I have a v3.6)
- openocd with buspirate support
- An USB2serial converter (3.3V version!) . Tip:  search "CP2102 usb serial" on Ebay. You'll get tons for a few bucks.
1. Upgrade your BusPirate 3.x to at least 6.0RC fw version to have an openocd capable firmware on your buspirate.
2. Connect the ingredients according to this schematic. My "setup":

3. Download boot image and make a symlink to it: 
# wget http://jeff.doozan.com/debian/uboot/files/uboot/uboot.mtd0.dockstar.jeff-2010-10-23.kwb
# ln -s uboot.mtd0.dockstar.jeff-2010-10-23.kwb uboot.kwb
4. Download docstar.cfg and change the start of the config from 
# I'm using a wiggler compatible cable
source [find interface/buspirate.cfg]
source [find target/feroceon.cfg]
jtag_khz 500
jtag_nsrst_delay 500
to 
interface buspirate
source [find target/feroceon.cfg]
buspirate_port /dev/ttyUSB0
buspirate_speed fast
buspirate_vreg 0
reset_config srst_only
adapter_khz 500
5. Connect Buspirate'c USB port to your USB port and start openocd on Terminal #1: 
# openocd -f ./dockstar.cfg
Open On-Chip Debugger 0.7.0-dev-00079-g08ddb19 (2012-12-02-23:14)
Licensed under GNU GPL v2
For bug reports, read
        http://openocd.sourceforge.net/doc/doxygen/bugs.html
Warn : Adapter driver 'buspirate' did not declare which transports it allows; assuming legacy JTAG-only
Info : only one transport option; autoselect 'jtag'
trst_and_srst separate srst_gates_jtag trst_push_pull srst_open_drain
adapter_nsrst_delay: 200
jtag_ntrst_delay: 200
srst_only separate srst_gates_jtag srst_open_drain
adapter speed: 500 kHz
Warn : use 'feroceon.cpu' as target identifier, not '0'
dockstar_reset_cpu
Info : Buspirate switched to FAST mode
Info : Buspirate Interface ready!
Info : Want to set speed to 500kHz, but not implemented yet
Error: Translation from jtag_speed to khz not implemented
Info : adapter-specific clock speed value 500
Info : JTAG tap: feroceon.cpu tap/device found: 0x20a023d3 (mfg: 0x1e9, part: 0x0a02, ver: 0x2)
Info : Embedded ICE version 0
Info : feroceon.cpu: hardware has 1 breakpoint/watchpoint unit
You can minimize this terminal because you do not need to watch this
6. Open Terminal #2 and connect to openocd: 
# telnet localhost 4444
Trying ::1...
telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
Connection closed by foreign host.
[root@centos6 ~]# telnet localhost 4444
Trying ::1...
telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
Open On-Chip Debugger
>
7. On Terminal #2 issue following commands: 
> init
> soft_reset_halt
requesting target halt and executing a soft reset
target state: halted
target halted in ARM state due to debug-request, current mode: Supervisor
cpsr: 0x000000d3 pc: 0x00000000
MMU: disabled, D-Cache: disabled, I-Cache: disabled
> dockstar_init
> load_image uboot.kwb 0x800000
524288 bytes written at address 0x00800000
downloaded 524288 bytes in 108.139221s (4.735 KiB/s)
Update: The trick was to issue "soft_reset_halt" instead of "halt". There are a few guides which operates with halt command and immediate press reset button. With "soft_reset_halt" no need to be lucky with reset button. You don't have to press it.
Halt command lead my Dockstar to "target halted in Thumb state", which wasn't enough to access the NAND.
8. Check NAND on Terminal #2: 
> nand probe 0
NAND flash device 'NAND 256MiB 3.3V 8-bit (Micron)' found
> nand list
#0: NAND 256MiB 3.3V 8-bit (Micron) pagesize: 2048, buswidth: 8,
        blocksize: 131072, blocks: 2048
> nand check_bad_blocks 0
checked NAND flash device for bad blocks, use "nand info" command to list blocks
9. Open Terminal #3 and connect it to Dockstar's serial port via USB2Serial adapter
10. On Terminal #2 issue following connmmand and be prepared co switch to Termianl #3 within 3 seconds and press a key to stop boot process. 
> resume 0x800200
11. Switch to Termnal #3 and press a key to stop boot process: 
U-Boot 2010.09 (Oct 23 2010 - 11:49:22)
Marvell-Dockstar/Pogoplug by Jeff Doozan

SoC:   Kirkwood 88F6281_A0
DRAM:  128 MiB
NAND:  256 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC or NAND, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Net:   egiga0
88E1116 Initialized on egiga0
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
Marvell>>
12. Write uBoot into NAND on Terminal #3: 
Marvell>> nand erase

NAND erase: device 0 whole chip
Erasing at 0xffe0000 -- 100% complete.
OK
Marvell>> nand write.e 0x800000 0x0 0x80000

NAND write: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x80000
 524288 bytes written: OK
Marvell>> reset
resetting ...
You are Done!
+1 Extra steps to write rescue image to NAND
Download rescue images and put them to a local TFTP server:
http://jeff.doozan.com/debian/rescue/uImage-mtd1.img
http://jeff.doozan.com/debian/rescue/rootfs-mtd2.img
On Terminal #3 stop the boot process and issue following commands: 
Marvell>> setenv ipaddr 192.168.A.B
Marvell>> setenv serverip 192.168.A.C
Marvell>> setenv ethaddr 00:10:75:XX:XX:XX
Marvell>> saveenv
Saving Environment to NAND...
Erasing Nand...
Erasing at 0xc0000 -- 100% complete.
Writing to Nand... done
Marvell>> ping 192.168.A.C
Using egiga0 device
host 192.168.A.C is alive
Marvell>> nand erase 0x100000 0x400000

NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x100000, size 0x400000
Erasing at 0x4e0000 -- 100% complete.
OK
Marvell>> tftp 0x800000 uImage-mtd1.img
Using egiga0 device
TFTP from server 192.168.248.254; our IP address is 192.168.248.199
Filename 'uImage-mtd1.img'.
Load address: 0x800000
Loading: #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         ########################################################
done
Bytes transferred = 3670016 (380000 hex)
Marvell>> nand write.e 0x800000 0x100000 0x380000

NAND write: device 0 offset 0x100000, size 0x380000
 3670016 bytes written: OK
Marvell>> tftp 0x1000000 rootfs-mtd2.img
Using egiga0 device
TFTP from server 192.168.248.254; our IP address is 192.168.248.199
Filename 'rootfs-mtd2.img'.
Load address: 0x1000000
Loading: #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         ########################
done
Bytes transferred = 28966912 (1ba0000 hex)
Marvell>> setenv rescue_set_bootargs 'setenv bootargs console=$console ubi.mtd=2 root=ubi0:rootfs ro rootfstype=ubifs $mtdparts $rescue_custom_params'
Marvell>> setenv rescue_bootcmd 'if test $rescue_installed -eq 1; then run rescue_set_bootargs; nand read.e 0x800000 0x100000 0x400000; bootm 0x800000; else run pogo_bootcmd; fi'
Marvell>> setenv bootcmd 'run bootcmd_usb; usb stop; run rescue_bootcmd; reset'
Marvell>> saveenv
Saving Environment to NAND...
Erasing Nand...
Erasing at 0xc0000 -- 100% complete.
Writing to Nand... done
Marvell>> run rescue_bootcmd

NAND read: device 0 offset 0x100000, size 0x400000
 4194304 bytes read: OK
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 00800000 ...
   Image Name:   Linux-2.6.32.18-dockstar
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    3236180 Bytes = 3.1 MiB
   Load Address: 00008000
   Entry Point:  00008000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
   Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux............................................................................................................................................................................................................. done, booting the kernel.
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
[    0.000000] Linux version 2.6.32.18-dockstar (root@stfu.tcbnet) (gcc version 4.3.5 (Buildroot 2010.08) ) #1 Thu Feb 17 03:09:57 EST 2011
[    0.000000] CPU: Feroceon 88FR131 [56251311] revision 1 (ARMv5TE), cr=00053977
[    0.000000] CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
[    0.000000] Machine: Marvell SheevaPlug Reference Board
[    0.000000] Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 32512
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 ubi.mtd=2 root=ubi0:rootfs ro rootfstype=ubifs mtdparts=orion_nand:1M(u-boot),4M(uImage),32M(rootfs),-(data)
[    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[    0.000000] Memory: 128MB = 128MB total
[    0.000000] Memory: 122836KB available (5968K code, 708K data, 128K init, 0K highmem)
[    0.000000] SLUB: Genslabs=11, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[    0.000000] Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS:114
[    0.000000] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
[    0.000123] Calibrating delay loop... 1192.75 BogoMIPS (lpj=5963776)
[    0.240079] Security Framework initialized
[    0.240098] SELinux:  Disabled at boot.
[    0.240118] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
[    0.240368] Initializing cgroup subsys ns
[    0.240381] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct
[    0.240390] Initializing cgroup subsys devices
[    0.240399] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer
[    0.240406] Initializing cgroup subsys net_cls
[    0.240438] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[    0.240988] devtmpfs: initialized
[    0.242412] regulator: core version 0.5
[    0.242586] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[    0.242971] Kirkwood: MV88F6281-A0, TCLK=200000000.
[    0.242983] Feroceon L2: Cache support initialised.
[    0.246010] bio: create slab  at 0
[    0.246292] vgaarb: loaded
[    0.246568] SCSI subsystem initialized
[    0.246822] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[    0.246888] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[    0.246977] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[    0.247423] Switching to clocksource orion_clocksource
[    0.252761] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[    0.253024] IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.253840] TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[    0.253939] TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[    0.253992] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
[    0.254001] TCP reno registered
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Thursday, February 7, 2013

Backup multiple pfSense 2.x

Recently I've installed some pfSense firewalls and looked around how to backup their config.
I found this on pfsense.org, but I improved the idea because I would like to:
  • backup more than one firewall without changing the script
  • push something useful about config change to syslog
  • properly log out and do not leave the admin session alive
  • retain previous config files if something strange happens :)
I wrote pfsensecfgarch.sh:
#!/bin/bash
# Download the actual config.xml from pfSense firewall and archive it, if it has changed
# Read config file in following format
# host=host1;username;password
# host=host2;username;password
#
# ZsZs 2013

cfgfile=pfsensecfgarch.cfg
backupdirpfx=config
tmpdir=tmp

[ -d $tmpdir ] || mkdir -p $tmpdir
scr=${0##*/}
loginf() { logger -t "$scr" -p "info" "$@"; }
logerr() { logger -t "$scr" -p "error" "$@"; }
cleanup() { /bin/rm $curlerr 2>/dev/null; /bin/rm $cookiefile 2>/dev/null; }

[[ ! -f $cfgfile ]] && { logerr "Missing config file: $cfgfile"; exit 1; }
for cfgline in $(egrep "^host=" $cfgfile | cut -d= -f 2-)
do
  echo $cfgline | while IFS=';' read -r host user passwd rest
  do
    [ ! -z "$rest" ] && { echo "Invalid line in $cfgfile: $(grep "$cfgline" $cfgfile)"; exit 1; }
    # Login and store sessionid in cookie file
    cookiefile=$(mktemp)
    curlerr=$(mktemp)
    curl -s -S --data-ascii "login=Login&usernamefld=$user&passwordfld=$passwd" -k https://$host/diag_backup.php -o /dev/null -c $cookiefile 2>$curlerr \
      || { logerr "[$host]: login: $(cat $curlerr)"; cleanup; exit 1; }
    backupdir=$backupdirpfx/$host
    [ -d $backupdir ] || mkdir -p $backupdir
    # Download actual config
    curl -s -S --data-ascii 'Submit=download&donotbackuprrd=yes' -k https://$host/diag_backup.php -o $backupdir/config.xml.tmp -b $cookiefile 2>$curlerr \
      || { logerr "[$host]: download: $(cat $curlerr)"; cleanup; exit 1; }
    # Logout
    curl -s -S -k "https://$host/index.php?logout" -o /dev/null -b $cookiefile 2>$curlerr \
      || { logerr "[$host]: logout: $(cat $curlerr)"; cleanup; exit 1; }
    if [ "$?" == "0" ]; then
      # Check for change
      diff $backupdir/config.xml.tmp $backupdir/config.xml.latest 2>/dev/null >/dev/null
      # Archive previous config if the new one is different
      if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
        if [ -f $backupdir/config.xml.latest ]; then
          mv $backupdir/config.xml.latest $backupdir/config.xml.$(date "+%Y%m%d-%H%M%S") 2>/dev/null
          mv $backupdir/config.xml.tmp $backupdir/config.xml.latest 2>/dev/null
        else
          mv $backupdir/config.xml.tmp $backupdir/config.xml.latest 2>/dev/null
        fi
        loginf "[$host]: updated"
      fi
      /bin/rm $backupdir/config.xml.tmp 2>/dev/null
    fi
    cleanup
  done
done
This script should be run from cron approximately every hour.
Comments welcome!
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